Egyptian Pyramids Essay - 1628 Words

In the deserts of Egypt lie the colossal remains of an ancient civilization. These enormous works of human endeavor are the only member of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World that time has passed down to us. These are, of course, the great pyramids of ancient Egypt. But these imposing structures were not built to impress civilization millennia down the road. The pyramids in fact had a purpose to the ancient Egyptians. While they seem very simple in nature, as they are simply four-sided pyramids with square bases, they had a meaning for those that had them built. Even by today’s standards, the pyramids of ancient Egypt were an impressive feat of engineering, due to their enormous size, both in building materials and finished product.†¦show more content†¦It was achievements such as these that gained Imhotep great respect among later Egyptians who not only saw him as a great architect, but also â€Å"a magician, astronomer, and the father of the art of medicine† (Edwards 35). Step pyramids are similar to the pyramids we know today, but instead of being flat on all four sides, they have setbacks as they rise, giving the appearance of giant steps. These step pyramids were not true pyramids, however, but by the second dynasty of the Old Kingdom, true pyramids began to take shape. The now-ruined pyramid of Meidum is an early example of a true pyramid. While the ruined core of the superstructure is the only thing that really remains of this pyramid, archaeologists have deduced that it was originally built as a step pyramid, and then later converted to a true pyramid by building over the steps, thereby flattening the sides (Edwards 74-77). However, the evolution of the true pyramid was not without its flaws. One good example of this is the Bent Pyramid at Dahshur. At the beginning of its existence, the pyramid was supposed have a slope of 60 degrees. But when the pyramid was being built, cracks began to develop in it, so the builders quickly compensated by giving the sides a shallower angle. However, it appears they did not compensate enough, and another adjustment had to beShow MoreRelatedThe Cryptic Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids1 719 Words   |  7 PagesSecrets of Egyptian Pyramids The pyramid-shaped masonry architectures are called Pyramids, and there are eighty of them known as ancient Egyptian Pyramids. The Egyptian Pyramids are the products of a slavery country, but they are also the great accomplishments of ancient people. Since the first discovery of the Egyptian Pyramids, many scientists have been dedicated in ancient Egypt study. After years of researching on the earliest Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, and the most famous Egyptian PyramidRead MoreEgyptian Pyramids And The Pyramids960 Words   |  4 PagesEGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS For centuries, people have thought that pyramid have been constructed by the extraterrestrials while many others believed that the Egyptians might have owned or possessed a technology that’s been lost through the ages. Here, in this research paper, let us see what the findings are of researchers, scholars, archaeologists, physicists and professors around the world. The three pyramids of Giza are one of the mysterious ancient architecture in today’s world where people from all aroundRead MoreEgyptian Pyramids And The Pyramids1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe Egyptian pyramids were an important aspect of the Egyptian life and culture constructed around 2500 BCE with their geographical location being at the West bank of the River Nile. The three pyramids on the Giza plateau were built in a span of three generations by three Pharaohs namely Khafre, Menkaure and Khufu. These monuments are unsurpassed in terms of height and mass with the architects of the pyramids building them in a way that they could face the setting sun as they served as a restingRead MoreEssay on The Pyramids of the Ancient Egyptians2908 Words   |  12 PagesThe Pyramids of the Ancient Egyptians Pyramids, large structures with four triangular sides that meet in a point at the top, directly over the center of the pyramid’s square base. Ancient peoples in several parts of the world built pyramids, but the Egyptians constructed the biggest and most famous pyramids, with which this essay deals. The ancient Egyptians built more than 90 royal pyramids, from about 2630 BC until about 1530 BC. During this time, the pyramid form evolved from a seriesRead MoreExtraterrestrials and Ancient Egyptian Pyramids1929 Words   |  8 PagesThe great pyramids of Giza-the last of the 7 wonders of the world still standing to this day. How these marvels of construction came to be has been a mystery for many. It has boggled the minds of even scholars, so much so that they have amassed numerous theories as to how these behemoths of ancient structures were built. Many have come to the conclusion that the challenge of building the great pyramids was far too much for the humans of that time to accomplish. The conclusion many have come to isRead MoreAncient Egyptian Pyramids Architecture1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ancient Egyptian pyramids are engineering marvels that continue to astonish both past and modern day historians and scholars with its incredible architectural feats. Behind the magn ificent creations was a group that employed their knowledge of advanced mathematics and building techniques to create such an impressive subject of wonder. The mystery involving the work needed physically to produce this structural behemoth remains a popular topic of discussion between historians and engineers whoRead MoreEssay about Egyptian Pyramids Architecture1270 Words   |  6 Pages CONTENTS: - INTRODUCTION - BACKGROUND OF ANCIENT EGYPT PYRAMIDS - THE STEP PYRAMID of Pharaoh Djoser - THE GREAT PYRAMID of Pharaoh Khufu - CONCLUSION - BIBLIOGRAPHY FOOTNOTES This essay focuses on two different types of pyramids; the Step pyramid which was the first pyramid and the Great pyramid, which was the largest pyramid built in Egypt. The essay investigates the meaning of the selected forms for the Egyptian culture and explains their dialog with the cosmos. The architectureRead MoreAncient Egyptian Pyramid Building Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Egyptian Pyramid Building The Egyptian pyramids have been the subject of many outlandish claims and construction theories for centuries. The Great Pyramid for example has been associated with pyramid power, curses, Atlantis, Mexican pyramids, Stonehenge, Nazca, the Bermuda Triangle, Biblical prophecy, Martian faces, advanced civilizations, space aliens, cavity resonators, and even levitation. It is not surprising that some who have proposed such theories have been dubbed pyramidiotsRead MoreComparison between the Great Wall and Egyptian Pyramids1749 Words   |  7 Pagesremained intact-the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which is also the oldest of the ancient wonders. On the west bank of the Nile River, there are three pyramid erected on a rocky plateau in Giza in the northern part of Egypt. These pyramids were named after these kings-Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure-agree with the kings names, and one of the most famous pyramids is the pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Great Pyramid, because it is the la rgest of the three. The Great Pyramid was built for Khufu, theRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Pyramids : The Seven Wonders Of The World1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Egyptian Pyramids The seven wonders of the world: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and of course, the Great Pyramids of Giza. (telegraph.co.uk) The Great Pyramids of Giza, built between 2584 and 2561 B.C, are located twelve miles from the capital of egypt, Cairo. (ancient.eu) They were the tallest man made structures in the world for 3800 years

Business and Consumer Protection in Islam Free Essays

Modern business is a very complex reality. Many factors influence and determine the business activity. Among other organizational factors managerial, scientific technological and socio-cultural-political, the business complexity of social activities, business with the complexities of modern society. We will write a custom essay sample on Business and Consumer Protection in Islam or any similar topic only for you Order Now For social events, business in many ways intertwined with the complexities of modern society. All the factors that make up the complexities of modern business has been frequently studied and analyzed through a scientific approach, especially in economics and management theory (K.  Bertens: 2000). In the myth of modern business business people are required to be professional people in his field. They have the skills and business skills beyond the average person, he should be able to show that performance is above average business performance amateur. What’s interesting is not only about the performance aspects of the business, managerial, and technical organizations alone but also about the ethical aspects. Performance becomes prasarat business success also involves a moral commitment, moral integrity, discipline, loyalty, unity of moral vision, service, attitude give priority to quality, respect for rights and interests of relevant parties concerned (stakeholders), which over time will develop into a business ethics in a company. Conduct an honest Prophet transparent and generous in doing business practice is the key to success in managing the business Khodijah ra, is a concrete example of the morals and ethics in business. (Http://uika-bogor. ac. d/doc/public/etika% 20bisnis% 20islam. pdf) If we trace the history, the religion of Islam seems a favorable view of trade and economic activity. Prophet Muhammad was a merchant, and the religion of Islam spread primarily through the Muslim traders. In the Qur’an there is a warning against the misuse of wealth, but not prohibited from seeking wealth by lawful means (QS: 2; 275) â€Å"Allah has made trade and prohibits usury. † Islam puts trading activity in a very strategic position in the center of human activity seek sustenance and livelihood. This can be seen in the words of the Prophet Muhammad: â€Å"Pay attention by all your trade, real commercial world it is nine out of ten the door of sustenance. † Dawam Rahardjo precisely suspect Weber thesis on ethics of Protestantism, which cites business activities as a human responsibility to God quoting from Islamic teachings. The following business activities that are prohibited in sharia: 1. Avoiding business transaction that is forbidden in Islam. A Muslim must be committed to interact with things that are made lawful by Allah SWT. A Muslim businessman should not be doing business in the things forbidden by sharia. And a Muslim businessman claimed to always do the good business and society. Business, food is not halal or kosher not contain ingredients, liquor, drugs, prostitution or all of which relate to the world of sparkling like night clubs discotic cafe where mixing of men and women accompanied by a stomping songs, treats and drinks and the food is not kosher Other (QS: Al-A’raf; 32. QS: Al Maidah; 100) is a business activity that is forbidden. 2. Avoiding how to obtain and use property is not kosher. The practice of usury is miserable to be avoided, Islam prohibits usury with severe threats (QS: Al-Baqara, 275-279), while speculative transactions are very closely related to the business that is not transparent such as gambling, fraud, violated the trust so it will most likely harm. Hoarding of money to turn off the function to be enjoyed by others and the narrow space of business and economic activity is a disgraceful act and being rewarded to the most severe (Sura: At-Tauba: 34-35). Redundant and a waste of money for purposes that are not useful and dissipate all the excesses. All properties are prohibited because it is a trait that is not wise in the use of property and contrary to the commandment of God (Surah: Al A’raf; 31). 3. Unfair competition is denounced by God as mentioned in the Quran surat Al-Baqarah: 188: â€Å"Do not you eat some of the treasure of you in a falsehood. † Monopoly also includes unfair competition Prophet denounced the act was: â€Å"Whoever is doing then he is guilty of monopoly†, â€Å"A wholesaler was given sustenance by God as for someone who did that accursed monopoly. Monopoly done to gain market control by preventing the other players to compete in various ways, often in ways that are not laudable goal is to memahalkan price for these entrepreneurs have a huge advantage. Prophet said: â€Å"Someone who intentionally do something to memahalkan price, Allah will promise to the throne made from the Fire later in the day of Judgement. † 4. Forgery and fraud, Islam strictly prohibits falsifying and deceptive because it can cause harm, injustice, and can lead to hostility and strife. Allah says in Surah: Al-Isra: 35: â€Å"And full measure when ye measure, and weigh with a right balance. † The Prophet said: â€Å"If you sell it you shall not deceive people with sweet words. † In the modern business at least we see in ways not commendable by some businessmen in its product offering, which is forbidden in Islam. In essence, the consumer contains a very broad sense, as expressed President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, â€Å"Consumers by definition include us all† (By definition, all of us including the consumer). (Shidarta, 2000: 2). Consumer Protection Act No. 8, 1999 Chapter I, article 1, number 2, the consumer defines as, â€Å"Every person users of goods or services that are available in the community, both for the interests of self, family, others, as well as other creatures and not for trading†. (Government of the Republic of Indonesia, 1999: 5) Consumers in the economic laws of Islam are not limited to those SAJ war, but also includes a legal entity (al-syakhshiyyat al-ma’nawawiyyah), such as endowments or foundations of certain companies and institutions. Islamic economic laws there is no difference between the end user with a medium user. Muslim jurists did not distinguish between goods kondumsi property, goods production, and intermediary goods, as contained in the general economics. This brings the influences on consumer definitions that must be protected in Islam because in Islam, including consumer goods all users, whether the goods were used directly, so exhausted, used as a tool for intermediaries to further prosuksi justice belongs to everyone, whether he is domiciled as individuals, groups or the public. Advances in technology and the development of economy and perdangangan volume demanding extra supervision of the risks that might arise from the use of certain products. Poor environmental conditions caused by business actors in general, should also get serious attention because every living being is a consumer of the environment. Muhammad, 2004: 180) In Islam there are five things that must be kept kemaslahatannya become key objective of sharia (al-necessities al-repertoire), the religion (al-din), reason (al-‘aql), descent (an-NASL), and property ( al-mal), while some Islamic jurists there is also adding to the al-‘ardh (honor), but according to honor the author is already covered in the custody of al nafs (soul). When associated with the risk caused by defective products or irresponsibility of a product, the main objectives of the fifth yag more focused on guarding the soul, mind and wealth. Muhammad, 2004: 181) However, if the risk of such usage caused by â€Å"negligence† of producers, then this should be linked also with the theory of liability contained in this kejahatab jinayah in Islamic Jurisprudence. In theory the responsibility of Islamic Jurisprudence crime, crimes and violations that occur on human rights can not be invalidated by reason of mistake, not intentional acts. Therefore, the perpetrators of these acts must bear the loss of property or life with fines that have been determined shari’ah. How to cite Business and Consumer Protection in Islam, Essay examples

Generally Accepted Accounting Standards

Question: Discuss about the Generally Accepted Accounting Standards. Answer: Introduction: Accounting is considered a thriving profession in Australia. There was an increase in the number of professionals to 140000 in 2005-2006 as compared to 100000 in 1996-1997 (International recruitment services for Australia and New Zealand, 2007). Despite of this increase there continues to be shortage of accounting professionals in Australia. The Federal government of Australia has classified accounting professionals on the Migrant Occupations Demand List. In order to cope with the shortage of skilled professionals, the government in collaboration with universities have dedicated efforts towards providing specialized education and upgrading the skills of the accounting professionals. Besides this, implementation of several acts such as Uniform Companies Act and Uniform Tax Act are aimed at establishing standardized business taxes at the federal level. Besides this, The Companies Act provides information related to disclosures and preparation of the companys financial statements so as to comply with the disclosures of Australian Stock Exchange (Jackling Keneley, 2009, p.157). The accounting standards established by Australia comply with the international standards (IFRS) and US Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (US GAAP). The Australia accounting standards are developed by Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) for public, private and not for profit organizations. Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 establish the functions and powers of the AASB (Jackling, 2007, p.33). Accounting is considered as a best profession to accelerate the business career of an individual. The main reason behind this is that accounting is considered as a main tool and language of a business. It takes into consideration with the bottom line and activities of the business. In addition to this, several changes have been occurred in the accounting profession due to increased government regulations and changes in technology, globalization, frequent changes in tax laws, and occurrence of restructuring and downsizing of corporations. Due to frequent changes in the business environment, there is an increased demand for accounting professionals in the businesses in Australia due to presence of shortage of accounting skills. Accountants are considered as professionals that has dynamic and prestigious role of financial experts, management consultants, system professionals and budget analysts. In addition this profession is best suited to women as they exhibit the business responsibil ities of accounting profession in an effective manner. There is a presence of several job opportunities in the accounting profession (Jackling, 2007, p.37). In all the different forms of businesses such as public companies, private companies, government and not for profit organizations. the public accounting firms ranges in size from single practitioners to international firms that provide different services to businesses and individuals such as tax, auditing, accounting and consulting services. In such organizations, accountants gain exposure and experience that helps in the development of new skills required to perform the job. Besides this, there are some characteristics of accounting professionals which include the following. The accounting professional requires expertise and full knowledge of the accounting profession in order to attain customer satisfaction. In addition to this, the professional has to consider the requirements of the client and exhibit loyalty towards the practitioner and perform different activities in a professional manner. In todays business environment, the organizations do not exhibit smooth functioning of di fferent business activities in the absence of the accounting professionals (McPhail, 2001, p.292). The main reason behind it is that the accounting professional keep a record of different economic transactions carried out by the company for the purpose of assessing of the sales and profitability of the business. The different stakeholders of the accounting profession include government, investors, employers, business, clients, credit grantors and financial community. In addition to this, it also includes professionals who are dependent on the integrity and objectivity of the accountants. Professional accountants are required to conduct an ethical behavior that does not consider selfish commercial view. The selfish commercial view has a meaning that the accounting professional not only focuses on making profit but also consider providing services to clients in a social responsible manner. The three obligations of an accounting professional are that the professional should possess the knowledge of the accounting profession (Aranya, Pollock Amernic, 1981, p.274). Besides this, the priority should be given to the interests of the clients over their own interests and fulfill the duties and responsibilities to serve to the public. It is requisite for the professional to accept the social responsibility to serve to the interests of public. It is the necessity of the accounting profession that the professional should do or perform activities in the interests of its clients. This facilitates in gaining recognition and high status in the profession by the professionals (Cooper Robson, 2006, p. 426). Financial statements are prepared by the organizations to keep a record of the economic transactions carried out by the business. There are broadly three types of financial statements prepared by the companies such as income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. These statements are prepared in accordance with the accounting standards established by the regulatory authorities of the country (Gordon, Loeb Zhu, 2012, p.383). Definition of the Project Nowadays, majority of the multi-national companies prepare financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Emergence of globalization has resulted in the adoption of the common accounting language i.e. IFRS standards for the purpose of preparing financial statements. This is because the companies have expanded their businesses across national boundaries due to which they find difficulty in making comparison of the financial position of one company with another (Kargin, 2013, p.74). This states that the adoption of IFRS by the companies helps in making comparisons with other companies across international boundaries or nations. The project mainly focuses on the analysis of the impact of adoption of IFRS on the financial statements of the companies in Australia (Uchenna, 2016, p.127). Background of the issue The main problem faced in the accounting profession is that there is an adoption of the adequate accounting standards by the companies so that the stakeholders or users of the financial statements can make easy comparisons with other companies in order to make effective and efficient decisions. Companies adopt different standards for preparing their financial statements such as generally accepted accounting principles in different countries like UK GAAP, US GAAP, Australian Accounting Standards. This results in difficulty in making comparisons of the financial position of different companies in different countries (Cheong, Kim, Zurbruegg, 2010, p.136). The first three adopter countries of IFRS include Australia, UK and France. The introduction of the IFRS helps in increasing the pervasiveness of the earnings management in these countries. The sharing of the information by the companies of different countries does not result in the formation of the common language of the accounting. Besides this, there are different factors such as national institutional factors, and management incentives play a important role in the formation of the financial reporting standards adopted internationally (Stent, Bradbury Hooks, 2010, p.101). Along with this, different regulatory bodies such as IASB, European Commission and SEC have made efforts to collaborate the mentioned factors rather than collaborating different accounting standards. The mentioned problem is crucially for the accounting profession as it results in the difficulty in comparing the financial position of different companies operating in different countries. This is the main reason to adoption of the IFRS standards by the companies so that investors and other users of the information evaluate the financials of different companies to make accurate decisions related to investment in the company (Muller, 2014, p.979). Aim and Objectives The main aim of the project is to evaluate and investigate the reasons behind adoption of IFRS for preparation of financial statements and its impact on the financial statements of the companies. For the purpose of attaining this aim, there is a requirement of achievement of the following objectives. To understand the meaning and significance of the financial statements for the companies To understand the importance and meaning of the IFRS. To examine the reasons behind the adoption of the IFRS by the companies operating in Australia To analyze the impact of IFRS on the value relevance of the accounting information To evaluate the impact of the adoption of the IFRS on the financial statements of the companies. Literature Review As per Jeanjean Stolowy (2008), nowadays companies eager to adopt a common language of accounting i.e. IFRS for the purpose of preparation of the financial statements. It facilitate the users of the financial statements to make comparisons with international companies for the purpose of making effective decision. Approximately 100 countries allow the adoption of the IFRS standards by the companies so as to provide easy comparability of the companies in terms of financial performance and positions in different financial periods (Jeanjean Stolowy, 2008, p.488; Istrate, 2014, p.472). In a similar manner, Holthausen (2009) states IFRS is adopted across different countries in the world which provides several benefits to the companies. This helps in providing a uniform set of the accounting standards to be applied to record different transactions carried out by the businesses. The adoption of the IFRS facilitates in easy cross country comparisons of firms and results in transparency in the operations carried out by different businesses across the world. It is also requisite that the economic and institutional factors become similar across countries for the purpose of building economic viability of the adoption of the IFRS standards (Chua Taylor, 2008, p.468; Bragg, 2010, p.182). Apart from the accounting standards, there is a presence of other factors that helps in the determination of the financial reporting outcomes (Holthausen, 2009, p. 453; Istrate 2014, p.480). According to Heykal, Siagian Iswandi (2013), it is essential for the banking firms to reduce the risks which are encountered by them by the use of IFRS standards as it facilitates in overcoming the competition at the global level. This also results in increasing the level of transparency of the operations carried out by the banks. Public companies such as banks use Statement of Financial Accounting standards to prepare financial statements as it takes into consideration different corporate types of public companies and corporate banking services. The statement of Financial Accounting Standards is keen to adopt IFRS in the year 2012 by making necessary adjustments in GAAP to attain consistent performance (Heykal, Siagian Iswandi, 2013, p.1248; Chua Taylor, 2008, p.472). Analysis of the gap with the Literature Little research has been done on the comparison between IFRS and countries generally accepted accounting principles. Besides this, there is a scope of research on different aspects of the research topic such as importance of the adoption of IFRS in place of locally generally accepted accounting principles for the purpose of providing easy comparability of the financial performance and profitability of the companies. Research Methodology Research Philosophy: The recent research attempts to investigate the impact of International Financial Regulatory system on the financial statements of the business organization. For this reason, a well-constructed methodology needs to be taken into consideration so that a positive philosophy can be implemented between the research process and the literature review of the research. Research Approach: Research approach is one of the major steps to carry on a research process. There are two types of research approaches; they are Inductive research approach and Deductive research approach. Inductive research approach helps to develop new set of theories and concepts from the research process. On the other hand, deductive research approach helps evaluate different concepts and theories based on the collected data and information. Research Design: For the purpose of this research, explanatory research design will be considered. In explanatory research design, the dada are collected from both primary and secondary sources; then they are evaluated and explained based on the evaluation to get the desired result. Research Strategy: Research strategy is important for the smooth conduct of the research process. Based on the research strategy, the data can be collected based on surveys, interviews and questionnaires. In order to judge the impact of IFRS on the financial statements, a survey will be conducted on a group of financial managers and financial employees. Data Collection and Analysis: Data collection and analysis is necessary to get the desired outcome of the research process. For the purpose of this research, both primary and secondary data will be collected. Quantitative approach will be taken into consideration for the collection of primary data. The primary data will be collected from surveys. The sample size of the research will be 50 persons that will include 20 financial managers and 30 financial employees. The survey form will include 15 questions. After the collection of primary data, they will be analyzed in Microsoft Excel to get the desired results. On the other hand, secondary data will also be collected for the research process. The sources of secondary data will be the financial statements of various companies, the website of IFRS, various essential financial journals and articles. Data will be collected from these sources for the research. Expected Research Outcome: It is expected that the analysis of both primary and secondary data will help in getting the desired result of the research process. In a more precise note, this research process will help in determining the impact of IFRS on the financial statements of the business organizations. Organization of the Research In the first step, the problem or issue related to accounting profession is identified, then the problem is explored by the use of secondary sources of data collection such as books and scholarly articles. First of all a number of books are searched by the use of keywords related to the topic i.e. impact of IFRS on financial statements. After searching sorting of the books and journal articles is done and the books and journal articles is selected gto create a background of the research. In addition to this, the aims and objectives of the project is identified in order to carry out the research in a successful manner. Besides this, the next step is to review the information collected from different literary sources in order to create the background of the research. After this, the solutions of the problem are identified. Timeline The project will be completed in 6 weeks. The Gantt chart is as follows. Particulars/Time in weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 Identification of the problem Establishment of aims and objectives Reviewing of the Literature Data collection methods Proposed Solution to the problem identified References Aranya, N., Pollock, J. Amernic, J. (1981). An examination of professional commitment in public accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society 6 (4), 271-280. Billabong. (2016). Reports. Retrieved from https://www.billabongbiz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=154279p=irol-reportsarchive Bragg, S.M. (2010). IFRS Made Easy. John Wiley Sons. Cheong, C.S., Kim, S. Zurbruegg, R. (2010). The impact of IFRS on financial analysts forecast accuracy in the Asia-Pacific region: The case of Australia, Hong Kong and New Zealand. Pacific Accounting Review 22(2), 124-146. Chua, W.F. Taylor, S.L. (2008). The rise and rise of IFRS: An examination of IFRS diffusion. J. Account.Public Policy 27, 462-473. Cooper, D.J. Robson, K. (2006). Accounting professions and regulation: Locating the sites of professionalization. Accounting, Organizations and Society 31, 415-444. Gordon, L.A., Loeb, M.P. Zhu, W. (2012). The impact of IFRS adoption on foreign direct investment. J. Account. Public Policy 31, 374-398. Heykal, M., Siagian, P. Iswandi. (2014). Impact Analysis of Indoinesian Financial Accounting Standard Based on the IFRS Implementation for Financial Instruments in the Indonesian Commercial Bank. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 109, 1247-1250. Holthausen, R.W. (2009). Accounting Standards, Financial Reporting Outcomes, and Enforcement. Journal of Accounting Research 47 (2), 447-458. International recruitment services for Australia and New Zealand. (2007). The Accounting Profession in Australia. Retrieved from: https://www.skillmatching.com.au/node/16 Jackling, B. Keneley, M. (2009). Influences on the supply of accounting graduates in Australia: A focus on international students. Accounting and Finance 49, 141-159. Jackling, B. (2007). The lure of permanent residency and the aspirations and expectations of international students studying accounting in Australia. People and Place 15 (3), 31-41. Jeanjean, T. Stolowy, H. (2008). Do accounting standards matter? An exploratory analysis of earnings management before and after IFRS adoption. J. Account Public Policy27, 480-494. Kargin , S. (2013). The impact of IFRS on the value relevance of Accounting Information: Evidence from Turkish Firms. International Journal of Economics and Finance 5(4), 71-80. Lavi, M.R. (2016). The Impact of IFRS on Industry. John Wiley Sons. McPhail, K. (2001). The other objective of ethics education: Re-humanising the Accounting Profession-A study of ethics education in law, engineering, medicine and accountancy. Journal of Business Ethics 34 (3/4), 279-298. Muller, V.O. (2014). The impact of IFRS adoption on the quality of consolidated financial reporting. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 109, 976-982. Stent, W., Bradbury, M. Hooks, J. (2010). IFRS in New Zealand: effects on financial statements and ratios. Pacific Accounting Review 22(2), 92-107. Uchenna, E. (2016). Economics and Political Implications of International Financial Reporting Standards. IGI Global. Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E. (2009). Financial Accounting. John Wiley Sons.